In-pipe Robot with Active Steering Capability for Moving Inside of Pipelines

In this chapter we presented the robotic systems MRINSPECT series for a long-distance inspection of pipelines. The systems show outstanding mobility and several characteristic features, which make it possible to apply the proposed systems in pipelines with complicate geometries regardless of the effect of gravity, its postures, and the direction of moving. Though the algorithms were described based on MRINSPECT series, the ideas can be generalized to the other robots. However, according to our experiences on this work, the mechanism of the in-pipe robot should be adaptable to the characteristic condition of the pipelines and it is the preliminary requirement for the successful movement. The use of a general- purpose robot may not be possible in in-pipe applications. For that means, MRINSPECT series has the possibility of being used in practical applications, although it is still under improvement through testing in the field conditions. In the near future, field tests will be conducted with the system and the system is to be modified according to the results of field evaluation. Document type: Part of book or chapter of boo

Shoes with active insoles mitigate declines in balance after fatigue

Fatigue can induce postural instability and even lead to falls. However, most current methods to delay or reduce fatigue require long preparatory time, or large and expensive equipment. We propose a convenient method to alleviate postural instability due to fatigue. We paid attention to that fatigue and aging share similar neurophysiological deterioration of sensory-motor function. Considering that stochastic resonance via sub-sensory mechanical vibration increases postural stability in the elderly, we propose that sub-sensory insole vibration reduces the negative effect of fatigue on postural control. We performed experiments with 21 young and healthy adult participants, and demonstrated that insole vibration compensates for the loss of balance ability due to fatigue. The sub-sensory insole vibration restored both the area of center of pressure and the complexity of the time series of the motor output after fatigue to the pre-fatigue levels. The insole units generating the vibration were completely concealed in shoes and controlled by a smart phone. This compact implementation contrasts with the cumbersome procedure of current solutions to fatigue-induced postural instability.Y